COS-1 and COS-7 are immortalized cell lines derived from African green monkey kidney cells (Cercopithecus aethiops). These cell lines were created by introducing Simian Virus 40 (SV40) DNA into primary kidney cells, resulting in the expression of the SV40 large T-antigen. The large T-antigen is known to promote cell immortalization and division, allowing these cell…

A DNA plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA in a cell. Plasmids are commonly found in bacteria, but can also be present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. They can replicate independently of the host cell’s chromosomal DNA, and they often carry genes that confer specific traits…

Lipid-based transfection reagents are a class of reagents used to introduce nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into eukaryotic cells. Transfection is a widely used technique in molecular biology and biotechnology for the study of gene function, regulation, and expression, as well as for the development of gene therapies and recombinant protein production. Lipid-based…