Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that primarily affects the mesothelium, a thin layer of specialized cells lining the body’s internal organs and cavities. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that enables the smooth movement of organs against one another, such as the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.
The most common form of mesothelioma is pleural mesothelioma, which affects the pleura, the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. Other less common forms include peritoneal mesothelioma, affecting the lining of the abdominal cavity, and pericardial mesothelioma, involving the lining of the heart.
The primary risk factor for developing mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring minerals known for their heat-resistant, insulating, and fireproofing properties. Asbestos fibers can be inhaled or ingested, and once they enter the body, they can become lodged in the mesothelial tissue, leading to inflammation, scarring, and, ultimately, the development of mesothelioma.
Symptoms of this kind of cancers often take decades (20-50 years) to appear after initial asbestos exposure, and they can vary depending on the type of mesothelioma. Common symptoms include:
- Pleural: Chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, weight loss, and fatigue.
- Peritoneal: Abdominal pain, swelling, unexplained weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction.
- Pericardial: Chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, and fluid buildup around the heart.
Diagnosis of mesothelioma typically involves a combination of imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, CT scans, MRIs), blood tests, and biopsies. Due to the aggressive nature of mesothelioma and its late-stage diagnosis, treatment options are often limited and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Prevention of mesothelioma primarily focuses on reducing or eliminating exposure to asbestos, which includes following strict regulations and safety measures in industries where asbestos is still used or present.
