Trypsin-EDTA is a solution used in cell biology and tissue culture to facilitate the detachment of adherent cells from the surfaces of culture vessels. It is a mixture of two components: trypsin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
- Trypsin: This is a proteolytic enzyme, originally isolated from the pancreas of various animals. In cell culture, trypsin cleaves the proteins responsible for cell adhesion, particularly those located on the cell surface, such as integrins and cadherins. By breaking these connections, trypsin helps to separate the cells from the substrate.
- EDTA: This is a chelating agent that binds divalent metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, which are important for maintaining cell adhesion. By sequestering these ions, EDTA further weakens the interactions between cells and the substrate.
The combination of trypsin and EDTA effectively detaches cells from their culture vessel, allowing them to be harvested and either subcultured or used in various downstream applications. It is important to neutralize trypsin activity after cell detachment to prevent damage to the cells. This is typically done by adding a medium containing serum, which contains protease inhibitors, or by using a trypsin inhibitor like soybean trypsin inhibitor.
When using trypsin-EDTA, it is essential to follow appropriate protocols and to be cautious about the concentration and incubation time to minimize any potential damage to the cells.
